AT&T No. 4 Electronic Switching System (4ESS)
(last updated: 16-May-2015 09:31)
Books
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EOBS2 pgs 414, 425-430, 451-452, 459-460, 463.
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Section 12.9 of Digital Telephony and Network Integration, Bernard E.
Keiser and Eugene Strange, Van Nostrand Reinhold Company, 1985.
Periodical Articles and Conference Papers
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"An Introduction to No. 4 ESS", ISS'72 pgs 19-25.
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"No. 4 ESS Will Triple Toll Capacity", BLR 50:8 Sep 1972 pgs 264-265.
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"No. 4 ESS - Long Distance Switching for the Future", BLR 51:8 Sep
1973 pgs 226-232.
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"No. 4 ESS: System Aspects of the Network", ICC'74 paper 41A.
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"No. 4 ESS: 1A Technology", ICC'74 paper 41B.
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"No. 4 ESS: Voiceband Interface", ICC'74 paper 41C.
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"No. 4 ESS: Switching Network", ICC'74 paper 41D.
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"Network Clock for the No. 4 ESS Time Division Network", ICC'74 paper
41E.
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"No. 4 ESS Signal Processor", ICC'74 paper 41x.
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"System Planning for No. 4 ESS", ISS'74 pgs 223- .
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"Development of Features for No. 4 ESS", ISS'74 pgs 415- .
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"The Circuit Maintenance System for the No. 4 ESS", NEC'74 pgs 33-34.
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"Controlling Large Electronic Switching Systems", BLR 54:2 Feb 1976
pgs 30-33.
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"From Patchboard to ESS", Telecommunications 10:2 Feb 1976 pg 18.
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"Long Distance Superstar", Bell Telephone Magazine Mar-Apr 1976 pgs
3-6.
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"Getting No. 4 ESS On Line On Time", BLR 54:4 Apr 1976 pgs 82-89.
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"Linking People and Systems for Better Trunk Maintenance", BLR 54:5
May 1976 pgs 127-133.
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"Superphone System", Popular Science 208:9 1976 pg 71.
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"ESS: Minimonster", IEEE Spectrum Jun 1976 pg 33.
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"Echo Suppressor Terminal for No. 4 ESS", ICC'76.
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"No. 4 ESS - a Full-Fledged Toll Switching Node", ISS'76.
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"No. 4 ESS Software", ISS'76.
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"Early No. 4 ESS Field Experience", ISS'76.
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"Network Management and Its Implementation on the No. 4 ESS", ISS'76
pgs 241-242.
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"Structured Approach to Software Development", Western Electric
Engineer, Oct 1976 pgs 42-50.
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Issue of The Bell System Technical Journal on "No. 4 ESS", BSTJ 56:7
Sep 1977.
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"No. 4 ESS: Prologue", BSTJ 56:7 Sep 1977 pgs 1015-1016.
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"No. 4 ESS: System Objectives and Organization", BSTJ 56:7 Sep 1977
pgs 1017-1027.
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"No. 4 ESS: Peripheral System", BSTJ 56:7 Sep 1977 pgs 1029-1055.
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"No. 4 ESS: Transmission/Switching Interfaces and Toll Terminal
Equipment", BSTJ 56:7 Sep 1977 pgs 1057-1097.
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"No. 4 ESS: System Power", BSTJ 56:7 Sep 1977 pgs 1099-1111.
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"No. 4 ESS: Software Organization and Basic Call Handling", BSTJ 56:7
Sep 1977 pgs 1113-1138.
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"No. 4 ESS: Maintenance Software", BSTJ 56:7 Sep 1977 pgs 1139-1167.
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"No. 4 ESS: Network Management and Traffic Administration", BSTJ 56:7
Sep 1977 pgs 1169-1202.
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"No. 4 ESS: Data/Trunk Administration and Maintenance", BSTJ 56:7 Sep
1977 pgs 1203-1237.
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"No. 4 ESS: Program Administration, Test, and Evaluation", BSTJ 56:7
Sep 1977 pgs 1239-1277.
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"No. 4 ESS: System Integration and Early Office Experience", BSTJ 56:7
Sep 1977 pgs 1279-1295.
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"No. 4 ESS: The Switched Digital Network Plan", BSTJ 56:7 Sep 1977 pgs
1297-1320.
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"No. 4 ESS: New Feature Additions and Recent Field Experience", NEC'77
pgs 238- .
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"Installation and Service Experience with the Western Electric
Corporation Manufactured No. 4 ESS", NEC'77 pgs 321- .
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Issue of the Bell Laboratories Record on "No. 4 ESS", BLR 55:11 Dec
1977.
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"No. 4 ESS - Symbol of Bell System Strength", BLR 55:11 Dec 1977 pgs
288-289.
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"No. 4 ESS - Through a Wide-Angle Lens", BLR 55:11 Dec 1977 pgs 290-
295.
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"Developing New Features for No. 4 ESS", BLR 55:11 Dec 1977 pgs 296-
300.
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"Data-Base Administration: Managing the Giant", BLR 55:11 Dec 1977 pgs
301-304.
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"Network Management - Beating the Bottlenecks", BLR 55:11 Dec 1977 pgs
305-309.
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"Switching and Signal Handling", BLR 55:11 Dec 1977 pgs 310-315.
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"Timing - Marching to the Same Drum", BLR 55:11 Dec 1977 pgs 316-318.
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"Improving the No. 4 ESS", Telephony 194:4 Jan 23 1978 pgs 24-28.
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"CCIS: No. 4 ESS Application", BSTJ 57:2 Feb 1978 pgs 361-377.
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"Suppressing Echoes Digital Style", BLR 56:6 Jun 1978 pgs 142-146.
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"UNIX Time-Sharing System: No. 4 ESS Diagnostic Environment", BSTJ
57:6:2 Jul-Aug 1978 pgs 2265-2274.
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"The LT-1 Connector - A Conventional Transmultiplexor", NTC'78.
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"No. 4 ESS Goes International", BLR 56:11 Dec 1978 pgs 303-307.
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"International Dialing: No Longer a Novelty", BLR 57:1 Jan 1979 pgs
26-31.
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"Analysis and Simulation of No. 4 ESS Network Performance", ITC
COM-27:1 Jan 1979 pgs 1-9 (also NTC'76 paper 19.2).
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"New No. 4 ESS Network and Terminals", ISS'79.
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"No. 4 ESS Operations and Performance", ISS'79.
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"No. 4 ESS: A Continuing Evolution", BLR 57:6 Jun 1979 pgs 154-161.
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"Implementation of CCITT Signaling System No. 6 in the No. 4 ESS",
ICC'79 paper 30.6.
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"No. 4 ESS - Evolution of a Digital Switching System", ITC COM-27:7
Jul 1979 pgs 1001-1011 (also DCOSW pgs 27-39).
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"From Analog to Digital for the No. 4 ESS - Economically", BLR 57:10
Nov 1979 pgs 288-292.
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"Tipping the Scales for No. 4 ESS", BLR 58:5 May 1980 pgs 138-145.
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"No. 4 ESS Growth: Serving Increased Toll Switching Needs", BLR 58:5
May 1980 pgs 146-151.
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"The Expanding Capabilities of No. 4 Electronic Switching System
(ESS)", INTELCOM'80 (Rio De Janeiro, Brasil, May 19-23, 1980), pgs
70- .
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"Overload Features and Network Management in a Large Electronic
Switching System", INTELCOM'80 (Rio De Janeiro, Brasil, May 19-23,
1980), pgs 175- .
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"The Difference with DIF? Size, Intelligence, and Cost", BLR 58:10 Nov
1980 pgs 346-349.
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Issue of The Bell System Technical Journal on No. 4 ESS Switching
System - System Evolution: BSTJ 60:6:2 Jul-Aug 1981.
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"No. 4 ESS: Prologue", BSTJ 60:6:2 Jul-Aug 1981 pgs 1041-1048.
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"No. 4 ESS: Mass Announcement Capability", BSTJ 60:6:2 Jul-Aug 1981
pgs 1049-1081.
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"No. 4 ESS: Mass Announcement Subsystem", BSTJ 60:6:2 Jul-Aug 1981 pgs
1083-1108.
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"No. 4 ESS: Network Clock Synchronization", BSTJ 60:6:2 Jul-Aug 1981
pgs 1109-1129.
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"No. 4 ESS: Digital Interface", BSTJ 60:6:2 Jul-Aug 1981 pgs 1131-
1166.
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"No. 4 ESS: Evolution of the Software Structure", BSTJ 60:6:2 Jul-Aug
1981 pgs 1167-1201.
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"No. 4 ESS: Performance Objectives and Service Experience", BSTJ
60:6:2 Jul-Aug 1981 pgs 1203-1224.
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"Design of Recovery Strategies for a Fault-Tolerant No. 4 Electronic
Switching System", BSTJ 61:10 Dec 1982 pgs 3019-3040.
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"The Integrated Digital Toll Network", BLR 61:1 Jan 1983 pgs 12-19.
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"Attached Processor System Gives No. 4 ESS More Processing Power", BLR
61:2 Feb 1983 pg 3.
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"World Wide Experience With No. 4 ESS - A Digital Transit Switch", pgs
127-138 of the 30th Int Scientific Congress for Electronics,
Continental and Intercontinental Telecommunications Systems (Rome,
Italy, Mar 22-23 1983).
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"New 4E9 Generic Offers Access Tandem Capability", BLR 61:4 Apr 1983
pg 5.
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"Enhanced Software Helps Managers Keep Network Traffic Moving", BLR
61:4 Apr 1983 pgs 14-19.
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"Software Verification for Large Digital Switching Systems", ICC'83
paper C4.6.
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"4ESS Switch Implementation of Dynamic Non-Hierarchical Routing",
GTC'83 paper 42.1.
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"Beefing Up the Processing Power of the 4ESS Switching System", BLR
62:2 Feb 1984 pgs 17-20.
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"Attached Processor for 4 ESS and 1A ESS Switches", ISS'84 paper
22A.3.
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"Stress Testing Large Switching Systems", ICC'84 paper 2.1.
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"AT&T Carves New Routes In Its Nationwide Network", BLR 62:6 Aug 1984
pgs 18-22.
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"Managing a Network That Won't Sit Still", BLR 62:6 Aug 1984 pgs 23-
26.
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"Helping Switches to Account for Themselves", BLR 63:2 Mar 1985 pgs
16-22.
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"Reliability and Performance Assurance of the 4ESS Digital Switch",
ICC'85 pgs 625-630.
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"ACCUNET Switched 56 is Providing Switched Digital Transmission Now",
BLR 63:5 Sep 1985 pgs 26-30.
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"AT&T Communications ISDN Architecture", ATTJ 65:1 Jan/Feb 1986 pgs
27-33.
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"Software Problem Cripples AT&T Long-Distance Network", Telephony
218:4 Jan 22 1990 pgs 10-11.
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"Why the AT&T Network Crashed", Telephony 218:4 Jan 22 1990 pg 11.
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"AT&T 4E Switches Get Atomic Clocks", Telephony 219:3 Jul 16 1990 pg
10.
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"Advanced Techniques for Managing Telecommunications Networks", ICM
28:10 Oct 1990 pgs 76-81.
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"The Evolution of the 4ESS Switch", ATTJ 73:6 Nov/Dec 1994 pgs 93-100.
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"An Uneventful Event",
ATTJ 74:3 May/Jun 1995 pgs 4-5.
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"The AT&T Switching Evolution Challenge",
ATTJ 74:3 May/Jun 1995 pgs 6-9.
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"The Evolution of Switch Intelligence: An AT&T Network Perspective",
ATTJ 74:3 May/Jun 1995 pgs 10-17.
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"Requirements for a Brain Transplant for the New 1B Processor",
ATTJ 74:3 May/Jun 1995 pgs 18-27.
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"Improving on the Best: 'Like a 1A, Only Better'",
ATTJ 74:3 May/Jun 1995 pgs 28-39.
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"1B Processor Deployment: Leading the Way to Flawless Execution",
ATTJ 74:3 May/Jun 1995 pgs 61-72.
Web Pages and Websites
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Wikipedia article "4ESS switch".