Digital Transmission Systems

(last updated: 16-May-2015 09:31)
 

See Also

  1. See section on "ITU-T G-Series Recommendations" for ITU-T recommendations relating to North American digital transmission, including:
             G.701 thru G.706, G.711, G.712, G.731, G.733, G.734, G.741,
             G.743, G.746, G.747, G.752, G.901, G.931, G.950, G.951, G.953,
             G.955
    
  2. See section on "ITU-T G-Series Recommendations" for ITU-T recommendations on European digital transmission, including:
             G.701 thru G.706, G.711, G.712, G.731, G.732, G.735 thru G.739,
             G.741, G.742, G.744, G.745, G.751, G.753 thru G.755, G.901,
             G.921, G.950, G.952, G.954
    
  3. See section on "Telcordia Technologies (formerly Bellcore) Documents" for Bellcore documents relating to North American digital transmission, including:
             TR-TSY-000010: Synchronous DS-3 Add-Drop Multiplex
             TR-TSY-000021: Synchronous DS3 Format Interface
             TA-TSY-000077: Channel Banks - Dataport Channel Unit Functions
             TR-TSY-000191: Alarm Indication Signal
             TR-TSY-000194: Extended Superframe Format (ESF) Interface Spec
             TR-TSY-000312: DS-1 Interface Connector
             TR-TSY-000458: Digital Signal Zero "A" (DS-0A 64 KB/s) Interconnect
             TR-NWT-001068: Switched DS1/Switched Fractional DS1
    
  4. Telecommunications Transmission Engineering, Volume 2 - Facilities, First Edition, 1977; AT&T Bell System Center for Technical Education:
              Chapter 20: "Cable System Design Features".
              Chapter 21: "Digital Terminal and Multiplex Equipment".
              Chapter 22: "Digital Transmission Lines".
    

Books

  1. Engineering and Operations in the Bell System, Second Edition; 1983 (Section 9.4.3).
     
  2. Enterprise Networking: Fractional T1 to SONET, Frame Relay to BISDN; Daniel Minoli; Artech House, 1993.
     
  3. High Speed Digital Transmission Networking, Second Edition; Gilbert Held; John Wiley & Sons, 1999.
     
  4. Introduction to T1/T3 Networking; Bud Bates; Artech House, 1992.
     
  5. Physical Level Interfaces and Protocols; Uyless D. Black; IEEE Computer Society Press, 1988.
     
  6. Signalling in Telecommunications Networks; Samuel Welch; Peter Peregrinus Ltd., England, 1981 (Chapter 6: P.C.M. Signalling).
     
  7. SONET & T1: Architectures for Digital Transport Networks; Uyless D. Black and Sharleen Waters; Prentice Hall, 1996.
     
  8. T-1 Networking, Fifth Edition; William A. Flanagan; Telecom Books, 1997.
     
  9. Telecommunication Transmission Systems, Second Edition; Robert G. Winch; McGraw-Hill, 1998.
     
  10. Test Solutions for Digital Networks: Basic Principles and Measurement Techniques for PDH, SDH, ISDN, and ATM; Roland Kiefer; Huthig Verlag, 1998.

Periodical Articles and Conference Papers

  1. "The T1 Carrier System", BLR 40:10 Nov 1962 pgs 358-363.
     
  2. "Engineering of T1 Carrier System Repeatered Lines", BSTJ 42:2 Mar 1963 pgs 431-486.
     
  3. "T1 Carrier System Terminals", BLR 41:6 Jun 1963 pgs 223-228.
     
  4. "T1 Carrier System Timing", BLR 41:7 Jul/Aug 1963 pgs 281-285.
     
  5. "T1 Carrier System Signaling", BLR 41:8 Sep 1963 pgs 307-313.
     
  6. "The T1 Carrier System", BSTJ 44:7 Sep 1965 pgs 1405-1451.
     
  7. "Wideband Data on T1 Carrier", BSTJ 44:8 Oct 1965 pgs 1567-1604.
     
  8. "Digital Communication", BLR 45:2 Feb 1967 pgs 38-43.
     
  9. "D-2: Another Step Toward Nationwide Digital Transmission", BLR 47:10 Nov 1969 pgs 327-329.
     
  10. "Solid-State Cable Carrier Using Pulse Code Modulation", AETJ Jan 1970 pgs 13-20.
     
  11. "A New T-1 Regenerative Repeater", BLR 49:4 Apr 1971 pgs 109-114.
     
  12. "A Portable Test Set for Detecting Errors on T-1 Lines", BLR 50:1 Jan 1972 pgs 14-17.
     
  13. "'Second-Generation' Toll-Quality PCM Carrier Terminal", AETJ Apr 1972 pgs 66-77.
     
  14. "The D3 Channel Bank", BLR 50:7 Aug 1972 pgs 229-233.
     
  15. "D2 Channel Bank: System Aspects", BSTJ 51:8 Oct 1972 pgs 1641-1657.
     
  16. "D2 Channel Bank: Per-Channel Equipment", BSTJ 51:8 Oct 1972 pgs 1659-1673.
     
  17. "D2 Channel Bank: Multiplexing and Coding", BSTJ 51:8 Oct 1972 pgs 1675-1699.
     
  18. "D2 Channel Bank: Digital Functions", BSTJ 51:8 Oct 1972 pgs 1701- 1712.
     
  19. "D2 Channel Bank: Physical Design and Introductory Program", BSTJ 51:8 Oct 1972 pgs 1725-1742.
     
  20. "The D1D Channel Bank: Modernizing the D-1 Workhorse", BLR 51:2 Feb 1973 pgs 34-40.
     
  21. "Monitors Take the Pulse of T-1 Transmission Lines", BLR 51:2 Feb 1973 pgs 55-60.
     
  22. "Active Filters Make It Small in the D3 Channel Bank", BLR 51:4 Apr 1973 pgs 104-111.
     
  23. "The T2 Digital Line - Extending the Digital Network", BLR 51:8 Sep 1973 pgs 238-243.
     
  24. "Exchange Area and Local Loop Transmission", BLR 53:1 Jan 1975 pgs 40-49.
     
  25. "PCM Update - Part 1", GTE Lenkurt Demodulator, 24:1 Jan 1975 ps 3-9.
     
  26. "PCM Update - Part 2", GTE Lenkurt Demodulator", 24:2 Feb 1975 pgs 10-15.
     
  27. "Mixing Data and Voice on the T1 Line", BLR 53:2 Feb 1975 pgs 136-142.
     
  28. "T-Carrier Administration System Speeds Service Restoration", BLR 53:5 May 1975 pgs 216-225.
     
  29. "T1C Carrier: The T1 Doubler", BLR 53:6 Jun 1975 pgs 256-263.
     
  30. "T4M: New Superhighway for Metropolitan Communications", BLR 53:9 Oct 1975 pgs 352-359.
     
  31. "T1 Goes Rural", BLR 54:7 Jul/Aug 1976 pgs 178-183.
     
  32. "The Evolving Digital Network", BLR 54:10 Nov 1976 pgs 268-273.
     
  33. "D4: Up-to-Date Channel Bank for Digital Transmission Plant", BLR 55:3 Mar 1977 pgs 66-72.
     
  34. "Observations of Errors and Error Rates on T1 Digital Repeatered Lines", BSTJ 57:3 Mar 1978 pgs 711-746.
     
  35. "The End of the First Pulse-Code Modulation Era in the UK", POEEJ 71:1 Apr 1978 pgs 2-4.
     
  36. "30-Channel Pulse-Code Modulation System: Part 1 - Multiplex Equipment", POEEJ 71:1 Apr 1978 pgs 5-11.
     
  37. "30-Channel Pulse-Code Modulation System: Part 2 - 2.048 Mbit/s Digital Line System", POEEJ 71:2 Jul 1978 pgs 82-89.
     
  38. "30-Channel Pulse-Code Modulation System: Part 3 - Signalling Units", POEEJ 71:4 Jan 1979 pgs 225-232.
     
  39. "A Digital Transmission Surveillance System", ICC'79 paper 54.5.
     
  40. "On Providing Direct EIA Access at a D Channel Bank", ICC'79 paper 54.6.
     
  41. "Speeding the Delivery of Data Communications", BLR 57:6 Jun 1979 pgs 162-168.
     
  42. "The Bell System - On Its Way to a Digital Network", BLR 59:5 May/Jun 1981 pgs 138-145.
     
  43. "Keeping the Integrated Services Digital Network in Sync", BLR 59:7 Sep 1981 pgs 217-220.
     
  44. "Higher-Order Digital Multiplexers", ER 58:4 1981 pgs 196-200.
     
  45. "A New 'Health' Check for the Digital Network", BLR 60:2 Feb 1982 pgs 37-39.
     
  46. "Fe Format: A Common Link for the Change from 56 to 64 kbps Digital Network Capability", Telephony, Jun 21 1982 pgs 34-36.
     
  47. Issue of The Bell System Technical Journal on "The D4 Digital Channel Bank Family", BSTJ 61:9:3 Nov 1982.
     
  48. "D4: Overview", BSTJ 61:9:3 Nov 1982 pgs 2607-2610.
     
  49. "D4: The Channel Bank", BSTJ 61:9:3 Nov 1982 pgs 2611-2663.
     
  50. "D4: The Maintenance Bank", BSTJ 61:9:3 Nov 1982 pgs 2665-2676.
     
  51. "D4: The SLC-96 System", BSTJ 61:9:3 Nov 1982 pgs 2677-2702.
     
  52. "D4: Dataport - Digital Access Through D4", BSTJ 61:9:3 Nov 1982 pgs 2703-2720.
     
  53. "D4: Dataport - Channel Units for Digital Data System Subrates", BSTJ 61:9:3 Nov 1982 pgs 2721-2740.
     
  54. "D4: Dataport - Channel Units for Digital Data System 56-kb/s Rate", BSTJ 61:9:3 Nov 1982 pgs 2741-2756.
     
  55. "D4: Digital Terminal Physical Design", BSTJ 61:9:3 Nov 1982 pgs 2757-2790.
     
  56. "A Guide to Protection Switching/Multiplexing", TE&M 87:17 Sep 1 1983 pgs 102-105.
     
  57. "A Guide to Protection Switching/Multiplexing, Part-2", TE&M 87:19 Oct 1 1983 pgs 122-132.
     
  58. "Multispeed Multiplexers: Helping Digital Transmission to Expand", BLR 61:10 Dec 1983 pgs 22-27.
     
  59. "Taking a Big Bite Out of Bits", BLR 62:6 Aug 1984 pgs 4-8.
     
  60. "Digital Multiplexers for the 30-Channel Hierarchy", ER 62:1 1985 pgs 11-15.
     
  61. "Special-Service Circuits: D5 Delivers Them Faster and Easier", BLR 63:2 Mar 1985 pgs 24-28.
     
  62. "Error Analysis on Digital Communications Links", TNAE 19:3 Mar 1985 pgs 51-64, 82.
     
  63. "New, Improved T-Carrier Doubles Capacity, Cuts Costs", BLR 63:4 Jul 1985 pgs 26-31.
     
  64. "Why FE?", TNAE 19:9 Sep 1985 pgs 56y-56bb.
     
  65. "The ISDN Cornerstone", TE&M 90:x Feb 15 1986 pgs 111-117.
     
  66. "The Clear Channel Shortcut to ISDN", TE&M 90:x Mar 1 1986 pgs 63-68.
     
  67. "Digital Interconnection of Dissimilar Digital Networks", ICM 24:4 Apr 1986 pgs 12-17.
     
  68. "A BOC Explains Where the Bits Went", DC 15:7 Jun 1986 pgs 141-143.
     
  69. "The Hidden Treasures of ESF", DC 15:10 Sep 1986 pgs 204-213.
     
  70. "Error Detection in T1 Transmission", TNAE 20:10 Oct 1986 pgs 78-82.
     
  71. "Data Transmission With D4 and D5 Digital Channel Banks", ICC'87 paper 36.7.
     
  72. "A Robust Technique for Providing Clear Channel Capability Over Existing and Future Digital Transmission Facilities", ICC'87 paper 42.5.
     
  73. "New CCITT Interface Would Improve 1.544/2.048-Mbit/s Interworking", DC 16:4 Apr 1987 pgs 66-68.
     
  74. "Avoiding the 'Bitfalls' of T1 Multiplexers", BCR 17:4 Jul-Aug 1987 pgs 7-11.
     
  75. "There's Safety in Standards", TE&M 92:1 Jan 1 1988 pgs 59-62.
     
  76. "Beyond DS1", TE&M 92:1 Jan 1 1988 pgs 63-65.
     
  77. "T1 Standards Battles", TE&M 92:1 Jan 1 1988 pgs 74-77.
     
  78. "Hunting for Glitches in T1 Circuits", TE&M 92:1 Jan 1 1988 pgs 78-80.
     
  79. "Running Digital: PBX Connections to the T1 Pipe", BCR 18:2 Mar-Apr 1988 pgs 24-26.
     
  80. "T1 Multiplexer Update", BCR 18:2 Mar-Apr 1988 pgs 73-77.
     
  81. "ESF Making a Hit in T1 Diagnostics; New Standard Could Make It Bigger", DC 17:6 Jun 1988 pgs 58-60.
     
  82. "Standards for the Evolving Network", TE&M 92:13 Jul 1 1988 pgs 50-58.
     
  83. "T1 and CEPT Rates Boost Flexibility", TE&M 92:16 Aug 15 1988 pgs 64-71.
     
  84. "Resisting the 'Synchronous Revolution'", Telephony 215:16 Oct 17 1988 pgs 50-54.
     
  85. "Some Things Never Go Out of Style", Telephony 215:23 Dec 5 1988 pgs 26-30.
     
  86. "T-1 Liftoff", Telephony 215:23 Dec 5 1988 pgs 38-40.
     
  87. "The Evolution of T3 Networking", TNAE 22:12 Dec 1988 pgs 16-22, 37.
     
  88. "Adding Value to Basic T1 Transport", TE&M 93:1 Jan 1 1989 pgs 33-36.
     
  89. "A Decision is Needed on T1 Performance", TE&M 93:1 Jan 1 1989 pgs 39-45.
     
  90. "Big T1 Giveaway: New Option Adds 192 kbit/s of Bandwidth", DC 18:2 Feb 1989 pgs 49-52.
     
  91. "ZBTSI Zealot Explains Why", DC 18:2 Feb 1989 pg 52.
     
  92. "Perspective on the Future of T1 Networking", BCR 19:4 Apr 1989 pgs 28-32.
     
  93. "DS-1 Extended Superframe Format and Related Performance Issues", ICM 27:4 Apr 1989 pgs 19-23.
     
  94. "ABCs of Digital Formats", TE&M 93:12 Jun 15 1989 pgs 70-75, 141.
     
  95. "The Evolution of the Channel Bank", Telephony 217:2 Jul 10 1989 pgs 19-20.
     
  96. "The Fundamentals of DS3: Part 1", TNAE 23:8 Aug 1989 pgs 67-75.
     
  97. "The Fundamentals of DS3: Part II", TNAE 23:9 Sep 1989 pgs 73-76, 82.
     
  98. "Ins and Outs of DS1 and DS3 Measurement", Telephony 217:12 Sep 11 1989 pgs 36-46.
     
  99. "Get Ready for T3 Networking" (includes "The Digital Hierarchy"), DC 18:11 Sep 1989 pgs 82-94.
     
  100. "Making Sense of Midrange Digital Gear", DC 18:13 Oct 1989 pgs 103-114.
     
  101. "A Tale of Two Standards - The T1 ESF (R)evolution", DC 18:13 Oct 1989 pgs 143-151.
     
  102. "Which Standard for the ESF Data Link?", TE&M 93:20 Oct 15 1989 pgs 80-83.
     
  103. "Bridging Between E-1 and T-1", TNAE 24:1 Jan 1990 pgs 66-68.
     
  104. "T1 Testing and the Standard Answer", TE&M 94:1 Jan 1 1990 pgs 50-57.
     
  105. "Frame Alignment in a Digital Carrier System - A Tutorial", ICM 28:2 Feb 1990 pgs 47-54.
     
  106. "DS3: It's the Road to the Future", TE&M 94:3 Feb 1 1990 pgs 38-42.
     
  107. "ESF - Rx For Healthy T1 Nets", DC 19:6 May 1990 pgs 80-94.
     
  108. "Sizing Up ESF Service Units", DC 19:6 May 1990 pgs 96-99.
     
  109. "Managing Digital Networks: The View from the CSU", BCR 20:8 Aug 1990 pgs 49-52.
     
  110. "T1 Performance Testing: Cutting Through the Confusion", BCR 20:8 Aug 1990 pgs 55-60.
     
  111. "T1 Availability and Performance Objectives", BCR 20:8 Aug 1990 pg 59.
     
  112. "Ten Things You Should Know About T1 Testing", TNAE 24:8 Aug 1990 pgs 31-36.
     
  113. "Issues in Fractional T1 Testing", BCR 20:9 Sep 1990 pgs 85-89.
     
  114. "Restoration in a Flash - Using DS3 Cross-Connects", Telephony 219:12 Sep 10 1990 pgs 34-40.
     
  115. "LECs Reach the FT-1 Crossroads", Telephony 219:22 Nov 19 1990 pgs 34-37.
     
  116. "Is T-3 the Next Logical Step?", Telephony 219:25 Dec 10 1990 pgs 30-35.
     
  117. "What T1 Test Patterns Tell You", TE&M 95:1 Jan 1 1991 pgs 35-39.
     
  118. "Understanding T3 Signal Formats", BCR 21:4 Apr 1991 pgs 45-48.
     
  119. "Continuous vs. Scanned T-1 Performance Monitoring", Telephony 220:19 May 13 1991 pgs 34-36.
     
  120. "How To Make ISDN BRI Available Now", TE&M 95:10 May 15 1991 pgs 50-53.
     
  121. "C-Bit Parity Frames T3 for Maximum Management", DC 20:10 Aug 1991 pgs 79-88.
     
  122. "CSU/DSUs: In Search of Universal Access", DC 20:11 Sep 1991 pgs 79-110.
     
  123. "The ABCs of CSUs/DSUs", DC 20:11 Sep 1991 pgs - .
     
  124. "DS3 - Not for the Masses?", BCR 21:9 Sep 1991 pgs 65-68.
     
  125. "Designing Networking Solutions for the Nineties: A New Approach", ATTJ 70:5 Sep/Oct 1991 pgs 14-26.
     
  126. "Guarantee Digital Services - Now", TE&M 95:22 Nov 15 1991 pgs 44-49.
     
  127. "New Techniques for Testing Switched 56 Services", TNAE 26:1 Jan 1992 pgs 19-26.
     
  128. "A Strategy for Testing T3 Networks", TNAE 26:1 Jan 1992 pgs 28-29.
     
  129. "The Wonderful World of T-1 Frame Formats", TE&M 96:8 Apr 15 1992 pgs 40-43.
     
  130. "The Proof is in the Performance", TE&M 96:12 Jun 15 1992 pgs 39-44.
     
  131. "Suppliers Grant Wish for Repeaterless T1", TE&M 97:1 Jan 1 1993 pgs 29-31.
     
  132. "Good News About LECs & Fractional T1", TE&M 97:1 Jan 1 1993 pgs 33-37.
     
  133. "Fractional T1: When a Half is Better Than a Whole", TE&M 97:5 Mar 1 1993 pgs 55-56.
     
  134. "Reconciling Transmission Standards", AN 98:11 Jun 1 1994 pgs 32-34.

Web Pages and Websites

  1. Wikipedia article "T-carrier".

AT&T Publications

  1. PUB 43801 (#326-140), Digital Channel Bank - Requirements and Objectives, AT&T, November 1982.
     
  2. PUB 43801A (#326-276), Digital Channel Bank - Requirements and Objectives [D4 update], AT&T, January 1985.
     
  3. Compatibility Bulletin CB 142 (#326-238), The Extended Superframe Format Interface Specification (superceded by PUB 54016), AT&T.
     
  4. PUB 54016 (#326-198), Requirements for Interfacing Digital Terminal Equipment to Service Employing the Extended Superframe Format, October 1984, AT&T.
     
  5. PUB 54016A (#326-274), Addendum to May 1986 Issue of PUB 54016, July 1986, AT&T.

ITT D448 Manual

  1. Manual for ITT D448 PCM Trunk Carrier System (each section is a "General Description"):
             ITTR-18-001: D448 PCM Trunk Carrier System.
             ITTR-18-100: 4-Wire E&M (4WEM) Channel Unit.
             ITTR-18-120: 2-Wire E&M (2WEM9 and 2WEM6) Channel Unit.
             ITTR-18-140: 2-Wire Dial Pulse Originating (DPO9 and DPO6) Channel
              Unit.
             ITTR-18-160: 2-Wire Dial Pulse Terminating (DPT9 and DPT6) Channel
              Unit.
             ITTR-18-180: 2-Wire Foreign Exchange Office (2WFXO9, 2WFXO6,
              2WFXO/LS9, 2WFXO/LS6) Channel Unit.
             ITTR-18-190: 2-Wire Foreign Exchange Subscriber (2WFXS9, 2WFXS6,
              2WFXS/EVF) Channel Unit.
             ITTR-18-295: 2-Wire Private Line Automatic Ringdown (2WPLAR) Channel
              Unit.
             ITTR-18-340: DS-0 Rate Dataport (DS0DP).
             ITTR-18-350: Office Channel Unit Dataport (OCUDP).