Network Synchronization

(last updated: 16-May-2015 09:31)
 

Recommendations and Requirements

  1. See section on "ITU-T G-Series Recommendations" for ITU-T recommendations on network synchronization: 
             G.810: Definitions and terminology for synchronization networks
         G.811: Primary reference clocks
         G.812: Slave clocks
         G.813: SDH equipment slave clocks (SECs)
  2. See section on "Telcordia Technologies (formerly Bellcore) Documents" for Bellcore documents on network synchronization, including: 
             GR-378-CORE: Generic Requirements for Timing Signal Generators
         GR-436-CORE: Digital Network Synchronization Plan
         GR-1244-CORE: Clocks for the Synchronized Network
         GR-2830-CORE: Primary Reference Sources

Books

  1. SONET & T1: Architectures for Digital Transport Networks; Uyless D. Black and Sharleen Waters; Prentice Hall, 1996.
     
  2. Synchronization in Digital Communications; Heinrich Meyr and Gerd Ascheid; John Wiley & Sons, 1990.

Periodical Articles and Conference Papers

  1. "Keeping Bell System Frequencies on the Beam", BLR 52:3 Mar 1974 pgs 84-89.
     
  2. "Timekeeping in the Bell System Switched Digital Network", ICC'76.
     
  3. "Keeping the Bell System in Time and on Time", BLR 55:5 May 1977 pgs 137-142.
     
  4. "No. 4 ESS: The Switched Digital Network Plan", BSTJ 56:7 Sep 1977 pgs 1297-1320.
     
  5. "Synchronization for Telecommunications in a Switched Digital Network", ITC COM-27:7 Jul 1979 pgs 1028-1033.
     
  6. "Synchronizing Digital Networks - Here's How", Telephony 198:16 Apr 21 1980 pgs 31-37.
     
  7. "Keeping the Integrated Services Digital Network in Sync", BLR 59:7 Sep 1981 pgs 217-220.
     
  8. "Network Synchronization", PIEEE 73:10 Oct 1985 pgs 1445-1467.
     
  9. "Digital Network Synchronization", BCR 16:6 Nov-Dec 1986 pgs 22-28.
     
  10. "Do You Have the Time?", TE&M 93:1 Jan 1 1989 pgs 46-47.
     
  11. "Loose Slips Sync'ed By Bits", TE&M 93:3 Feb 1 1989 pgs 39-41.
     
  12. "AT&T's New Approach to the Synchronization of Telecommunication Networks", ICM 27:4 Apr 1989 pgs 35-45.
     
  13. "New ANSI Standards for Network Synchronization", TNAE 23:12 Dec 1989 pgs 56-58.
     
  14. "Synchronization in Digital Communications Networks", PIEEE 79:7 Jul 1991 pgs 1019-1028.
     
  15. "Synchronization in Intelligent Digital Networks", ATTJ 70:5 Sep/Oct 1991 pgs 59-68.
     
  16. "Timing is Everything", Telephony 221:18 Oct 28 1991 pgs 32-40.
     
  17. "Synchronization of International Networks", Telephony 221:19 Nov 4 1991 pgs 29-42.
     
  18. "Synchronizing SS7", TE&M 96:1 Jan 1 1992 pgs 38-41.
     
  19. "Getting to the Pulse on Time", Telephony 222:8 Feb 24 1992 pgs 42-52.
     
  20. "Network Synchronization -- A Challenge for SDH/SONET?", ICM 31:9 Sep 1993 pgs 42-50.
     
  21. "Digital Network Synchronization", ICM 33:4 Apr 1995 pgs 70-80.
     
  22. "Synchronisation in Data Networks", BTTJ 16:1 Jan 1998 pgs 159-170.
     
  23. "Knowing Your BITS", AN 102:3 Feb 1 1998 pgs 19-21.
     
  24. "A Historical Perspective on Telecommunications Network Synchronization", ICM 36:6 Jun 1998 pgs 158-166.