Synchronous Optical Network (SONET)/Synchronous Digital Hierarchy (SDH)

(last updated: 16-May-2015 09:31)
 

See Also

  1. See section on "ITU-T G-Series Recommendations" for ITU-T recommendations on the SDH, including: 
             G.707: Network node interface for the SDH
         G.774: SDH management information model
         G.774.01: Performance monitoring
         G.774.02: Configuration of the payload structure
         G.774.03: Management of multiplex-section protection
         G.774.04: Management of subnetwork connection protection
         G.774.05: Management of connection supervision functionality
         G.774.07: G.774 implementor's guide
         G.775: LOS and AIS defect detection and clearance criteria
         G.780: Vocabulary of terms for SDH networks and equipment
         G.781: Structure of recs on multuplexing equipment for the SDH
         G.782: Types and characteristics of SDH multiplexing equipment
         G.783: Characteristics of SDH equipment functional blocks
         G.784: SDH management
         G.785: A flexible multiplexer in a synchronous digital environment
         G.803: Architecture of transport networks based on the SDH
         G.813: Timing characteristics of SDH equipment slave clocks (SECs)
         G.831: Management capabilities of transport networks based on SDH
         G.832: Transport of SDH elements on PDH: Frame and multiplexing
         G.841: Network protection architectures
         G.851.1: Application of the RM-ODP framework
         G.852.1: Enterprise viewpoint for simple subnetwork connection mgt
         G.853.1: Common elements of the information viewpoint
         G.853.2: Subnetwork connection management information viewpoint
         G.854.1: Computational interfaces
         G.957: Optical interfaces for SDH-related equipments and systems
         G.958: Digital line systems based on the SDH for optical fibre
  2. See section on "Telcordia Technologies (formerly Bellcore) Documents" for Bellcore documents on SONET, including: 
             TR-NWT-000233: Wideband and Broadband Digital Cross-Connect Systems
         GR-253-CORE: SONET Transport Systems Common Generic Criteria
         GR-496-CORE: SONET Add-Drop Multiplexer (ADM)
         GR-782-CORE: SONET Digital Switch Trunk Interface
         TR-NWT-000917: SONET Regenerator Equipment
         GR-1042-CORE: SONET Transport Information Model
         GR-1230-CORE: BLSR
         GR-1250-CORE: SONET File Transfer
         GR-1365-CORE: SONET Private Line Service Interface
         GR-1374-CORE: SONET Inter-Carrier Interface Physical Layer
         GR-1377-CORE: SONET OC-192 Transport System
         GR-1400-CORE: SONET Dual-Fed UPSR Equipment
         SR-NWT-001756: Automatic Protection Switching for SONET
         SR-NWT-002723: Application TL1 Messages for SONET
         GR-2837-CORE: ATM Virtual Path Ring Functionality in SONET Rings
         GR-2891-CORE: SONET ATM Virtual Path Digital Cross-Connect Systems
         GR-2899-CORE: SONET Two-Channel (1310/1510 nm) WDM Systems
         GR-2900-CORE: SONET Asymmetric Multiplex
         GR-2918-CORE: SONET Point-to-Point WDM Systems in 1550-nm Region
         GR-2950-CORE: Information Model for SONET DCSs
         GR-2996-CORE: SONET Digital Cross-Connect Systems
  3. ANSI standards on SONET include: 
             T1.102-1993: Digital Hierarchy - Electrical Interfaces
         T1.105-1995: Basic Description Including Multiplex Structures,
         - - - - - - - Rates, and Formats
         T1.105.01-1998: Automatic Protection Switching
         T1.105.02-1995: Payload Mappings
         T1.105.03-1994: Jitter at Network Interfaces
         T1.105.03a-1995: Jitter at Network Interfaces - DS1 Supplement
         T1.105.03b-1997: Jitter at Network Interfaces - DS3 Wander
         - - - - - - - - - Supplement
         T1.105.04-1995: Data Communication Channel Protocols and
         - - - - - - - - - Architectures
         T1.105.05-1994: Tandem Connection Maintenance
         T1.105.06-1996: Physical Layer Specifications
         T1.105.07-1996: Sub STS-1 Interface Rates and Formats Specification
         T1.105.07a-1997: Sub STS-1 Interface Rates and Formats Specification
         - - - - - - - - - (Inclusion of N x VT Group Interfaces)
         T1.105.09-1996: Network Element Timing and Synchronization
         T1.117-1991 (R1997): Digital Hierarchy Optical Interface
         - - - - - - - - - - - Specifications (Short Reach)
         T1.119-1994: Operations, Administration, Maintenance, and
         - - - - - - - Provisioning (OAM&P) Communications
         T1.119.01-1995: Operations, Administration, Maintenance, and
         - - - - - - - - - Provisioning (OAM&P) Communications - Protection
         - - - - - - - - - Switching Fragment
         T1.119.02-1998: OAM&P Communications - Performance Management
         - - - - - - - - - Fragment

Books

  1. Broadband Communications: A Professional's Guide to ATM, Frame Relay, SMDS, SONET, and BISDN; Balaji Kumar; McGraw-Hill, 1995 (Chapter 9: SONET/SDH).
     
  2. Broadband Communications, Signature Edition; Balaji Kumar; McGraw-Hill, 1998.
     
  3. Broadband Networking: ATM, SDH, and SONET; Mike Sexton and Andy Reid; Artech House, 1997.
     
  4. Broadband Telecommunications Technology; Byeong Gi Lee, Minho Kang, and Jonghee Lee; Artech House, 1993.
     
  5. Emerging Communications Technologies, Second Edition; Uyless Black; Prentice Hall, 1997.
     
  6. Enterprise Networking: Fractional T1 to SONET, Frame Relay to BISDN; Daniel Minoli; Artech House, 1993.
     
  7. High Speed Digital Transmission Networking, Second Edition; Gilbert Held; John Wiley & Sons, 1999.
     
  8. High-Speed Networking Technology: An Introductory Survey, Third Edition; Harry J.R. Dutton and Peter Lenhard; Prentice Hall, 1995.
     
  9. ISDN and Broadband ISDN, Second Edition; William Stallings; Macmillan Publishing Company, 1992 (section 13.3: SONET/SDH).
     
  10. ISDN and Broadband ISDN with Frame Relay and ATM, Third Edition; William Stallings; Prentice-Hall, 1995.
     
  11. SONET: A Guide to Synchronous Optical Networks; Walter J. Goralski; McGraw-Hill, 1997.
     
  12. SONET, Second Edition; Walter J. Goralski; McGraw-Hill, 2000.
     
  13. SONET & T1: Architectures for Digital Transport Networks; Uyless D. Black and Sharleen Waters; Prentice Hall, 1996.
     
  14. SONET/SDH: A Sourcebook of Synchronous Networking; edited by Curtis A. Siller Jr. and Mansoor Shafi; IEEE Press, 1995.
     
  15. TCP/IP Over ATM: A No-Nonsense Internetworking Guide; Berry Kercheval; Prentice Hall, 1997 (Chapter 3: Physical Media: SONET and Others).
     
  16. Telecommunication Transmission Systems, Second Edition; Robert G. Winch; McGraw-Hill, 1998.
     
  17. Test Solutions for Digital Networks: Basic Principles and Measurement Techniques for PDH, SDH, ISDN, and ATM; Roland Kiefer; Huthig Verlag, 1998.
     
  18. Transmission Networking: SONET and the Synchronous Digital Hierarchy; Michael J. Sexton and Andrew B.D. Reid; Artech House, 1992.
     
  19. Understanding SONET/SDH: Standard and Applications; Ming-Chwan Chow; Andan Publishers.
     
  20. Understanding SONET/SDH and ATM: Communications Networks for the Next Millenium; Stamatios V. Kartalopoulos; IEEE Press, 1999.

Periodical Articles

  1. "Standardized Fiber Optic Transmission Systems - A Synchronous Optical Network View", IJSAC SAC-4:9 Dec 1986 pgs 1424-1431.
     
  2. "SONET: An International Standard", TNAE 22:3 Mar 1988 pgs 73-76.
     
  3. "Sonet: A Standard Optical Interface Emerges", Telephony 214:14 Apr 4 1988 pgs 54-57.
     
  4. "Standards for the Evolving Network", TE&M 92:13 Jul 1 1988 pgs 50-58.
     
  5. "SONET - Preparing for Phase II", Telephony 215:15B Oct 1988 (Telephony's Transmission Special) pgs 28-29.
     
  6. "SONET and Digital Cross-Connects: Implications for Future Fiber Networks", TE&M 93:4 Feb 15 1989 pgs 86-93.
     
  7. "SONET: Now It's the Standard Optical Network", ICM 27:3 Mar 1989 pgs 8-15.
     
  8. "To Know SONET: Know Your VTs", TE&M 93:12 Jun 15 1989 pgs 62-69.
     
  9. "Is Sonet Finally Slowing Down?", Telephony 216:25 Jun 19 1989 pgs 17-20.
     
  10. "What Will Tomorrow Bring?", Telephony 216:25 Jun 19 1989 pgs 25-31.
     
  11. "Sonet: Problem or Opportunity?", Telephony 217:8 Aug 14 1989 pgs 61- 64.
     
  12. "SONET: The Next Phase", TNAE 23:9 Sep 1989 pgs 51-54.
     
  13. "To Float or Not to Float? That is the Question for Sonet Mapping", Telephony 217:15 Oct 2 1989 pgs 52-58.
     
  14. "Northern Telecom Jumps on Sonet Bandwagon", Telephony 217:17A Oct 16 1989 pg 8.
     
  15. "You Say You Want an Evolution? Update DLC", Telephony's Transmission Special Nov 1989 pgs 52-54.
     
  16. "Digital Cross-Connect Update", Telephony's Transmission Special Nov 1989 pgs 56-58.
     
  17. "Use Sonet for In-Service Testing", TE&M 93:21 Nov 1 1989 pgs 53-58.
     
  18. "AT&T Makes Its Sonet Promise With New Transmission Gear", Telephony 217:19 Oct 30 1989 pgs 10-11.
     
  19. "Synchronous Optical Network and Broadband ISDN Protocols", IEEE Computer 22:11 Nov 1989 pgs 26-34.
     
  20. "Sonet Standards Suffer Setback", Telephony 217:21 Nov 13 1989 pg 8.
     
  21. "Carrier Support Brightens SONET's Future", Telephony 217:23B Nov 1989
     
  22. "SONET: A Fast Track to the Future", TE&M 93:24 Dec 15 1989 pgs 56-57.
     
  23. "The Power of a Sonet ADM", Telephony 218:16 Apr 16 1990 pgs 130-136.
     
  24. "Evolution of an Idea", Telephony 218:26B (SONET Special) Jun 1990 pgs 6-8.
     
  25. "Developing a Master Plan", Telephony 218:26B (SONET Special) Jun 1990 pgs 10-13.
     
  26. "Metamorphosis of a Network", Telephony 218:26B (SONET Special) Jun 1990 pgs 16-19.
     
  27. "Making the Transition to the Real World", Telephony 218:26B (SONET Special) Jun 1990 pgs 20-22.
     
  28. "Gearing Up the Network", Telephony 218:26B (SONET Special) Jun 1990 pgs 23-25.
     
  29. "A Key to the Lingo", Telephony 218:26B (SONET Special) Jun 1990 pg 26.
     
  30. "Get in Sync with Sonet", TE&M 94:13 Jul 1 1990 pgs 34-44.
     
  31. "Digital Cross-Connects: A Gateway to the Synchronous Optical Network", TNAE 24:7 Jul 1990 pgs 50-54.
     
  32. "CCITT Standardization of Network Node Interface of Synchronous Digital Hierarchy", ICM 28:8 Aug 1990 pgs 15-20.
     
  33. "An Overview of Emerging CCITT Recommendations for the Synchronous Digital Hierarchy: Multiplexers, Line Systems, Management, and Network Aspects", ICM 28:8 Aug 1990 pgs 21-25.
     
  34. "Plans and Considerations for SONET Deployment", ICM 28:8 Aug 1990 pgs 26-33.
     
  35. "Introducing SONET into the Local Exchange Carrier Network", ICM 28:8 Aug 1990 pgs 34-38.
     
  36. "From POTS To B-ISDN: Take the Passive Approach", TE&M 94:16 Aug 15 1990 pgs 41-45.
     
  37. "Up Close With SONET", TE&M 94:16 Aug 15 1990 pgs 46-53.
     
  38. "Testing the Sonet Standard", TE&M 94:16 Aug 15 1990 pgs 70-71, 85-86.
     
  39. "Sonet: A Practical Perspective", BCR 20:9 Sep 1990 pgs 59-63.
     
  40. "Sonet's Many Phases: A Progress Report", TE&M 94:19 Oct 1 1990 pgs 79-87.
     
  41. "SDH Breaks the Network Barrier", Telephony's Transmission Special, Nov 1990 pgs 24-25.
     
  42. "A SONET Milestone for the History Books", Telephony 219:25 Dec 10 1990 pgs 24-27.
     
  43. "Synchronous Networks", EC 65:1 1991 pgs 27-31.
     
  44. "Sacrifices in the Name of Simplification", TE&M Jan 1 1991 pgs 43-47.
     
  45. "Holding Out for SONET", TE&M 95:2 Jan 15 1991 pgs 55-57.
     
  46. "SONET: A Status Report", Telephony 220:4 Jan 28 1991 pgs 25-28.
     
  47. "SONET: This Isn't Oz Anymore", TE&M 95:9 May 1 1991 pgs 45-52.
     
  48. "Better To Be Safe Than SONET-ized", TE&M 95:9 May 1 1991 pgs 54-59.
     
  49. "SONET Ring Applications for Survivable Fiber Loop Networks", ICM 29:6 Jun 1991 pgs 51-58.
     
  50. "SONET Moves Down a Long and Winding Road", BCR 21:7 Jul 1991 pgs 49-52.
     
  51. "SDH Fever Grips Europe", Telephony 221:1 Jul 1 1991 pgs 17-18.
     
  52. "SONET Makes Cents", TNAE 25:7 Jul 1991 pgs 33-38.
     
  53. "DACS Means World-Class Networking", Telephony 221:8 Aug 19 1991 pgs 22- 26.
     
  54. "The Integrated DCS: Simply More Profitable", Telephony 221:8 Aug 19 1991 pgs 30-33.
     
  55. "Migrating to Fully Integrated SONET", Telephony 221:8 Aug 19 1991 pgs 34-36.
     
  56. "Never a Dull Moment", Telephony 221:14 Sep 30 1991 pgs 28-34.
     
  57. "The Network Planner's Dilemma", Telephony 221:18 Oct 28 1991 pgs 24-30.
     
  58. "SONET Signaling - A Bigger, Faster ESF", BCR 21:11 Nov 1991 pgs 22-24.
     
  59. "Managing SONET Equipment", IN 6:1 Jan 1992 pgs 36-41.
     
  60. "Are OSSs Ready for SONET?", Telephony 222:2 Jan 13 1992 pgs 30-32.
     
  61. "Ring Networks to the Rescue", TE&M 96:3 Feb 1 1992 pgs 50-55.
     
  62. "SONET Rings True in Cincinnati", Telephony 222:8 Feb 24 1992 pgs 30-35.
     
  63. "A Network Survival Guide", Telephony 222:8 Feb 24 1992 pgs 36-41.
     
  64. "Getting to the Pulse on Time", Telephony 222:8 Feb 24 1992 pgs 42-52.
     
  65. "SONET Testing - Today and Tomorrow", TE&M 96:5 Mar 1 1992 pgs 52-56.
     
  66. "Vendors Ride the SONET Wave at Mid-Span Meet Demonstration", Telephony 222:10 Mar 9 1992 pgs 8-9.
     
  67. "Mid-Span Meet Gets a New Twist", Telephony 222:11 Mar 16 1992 pgs 9-10.
     
  68. "Building Bridges to the Network of the Future", Telephony 222:12 Mar 23 1992 pgs 24-28.
     
  69. "The New DLCs on the Sonet Block", TE&M 96:10 May 15 1992 pgs 40-43.
     
  70. "The Impact of SONET on Network Planning", BCR 22:6 Jun 1992 pgs 51-55.
     
  71. "SONET: A Standard for Today", BYTE 17:9 Sep 1992 pgs 186-187.
     
  72. "The 200-Percent Solution", TE&M 96:17 Sep 1 1992 pgs 39-44.
     
  73. "Protection Switching", TE&M 97:4 Feb 15 1993 pgs 35-39.
     
  74. "Let Survivability Ring", TE&M 97:8 Apr 15 1993 pgs 46-50.
     
  75. "SONET: Interconnecting Rings Using 'Drop and Continue'", TE&M 97:11 Jun 1 1993 pgs 41-43.
     
  76. "SONET: Vendors Team to Solve Critical Operations Issues", TE&M 97:14 Jul 15 1993 pgs 42-43.
     
  77. "Introduction to SDH/SONET", ICM 31:9 Sep 1993 pgs 30-33.
     
  78. "SONET Implementation", ICM 31:9 Sep 1993 pgs 34-40.
     
  79. "Network Synchronization - A Challenge for SDH/SONET?", ICM 31:9 Sep 1993 pgs 42-50.
     
  80. "The Impact of G.826", ICM 31:9 Sep 1993 pgs 56-62.
     
  81. "Cost-Effective Network Evolution" ICM 31:9 Sep 1993 pgs 64-73.
     
  82. "SDH Architecture and Standards", EC 4Q 1993 pgs 299-309.
     
  83. "SDH Network Element Technology - The Hardware Platform", EC 4Q 1993 pgs 312-321.
     
  84. "SDH Network Element Technology - The Software Platform", EC 4Q 1993 pgs 322-328.
     
  85. "Management of SDH Network Elements: An Application of Inormation Modelling", EC 4Q 1993 pgs 329-338.
     
  86. "Availability and Survivability of SDH Networks", EC 4Q 1993 pgs 339-348.
     
  87. "Synchronization and Timing of SDH Networks", EC 4Q 1993 pgs 349-358.
     
  88. "Optical Components for SDH", EC 4Q 1993 pgs 359-365.
     
  89. "SDH Network Planning and Management", EC 4Q 1993 pgs 366-377.
     
  90. "Architectures of SONET", TE&M 97:22 Nov 15 1993 pgs 42-43.
     
  91. "SONET: A Ten-Year Perspective", Bellcore Exchange 10:2 Apr 1994 pgs 12-17.
     
  92. "Choices in SONET Ring Architecture", BCR 24:6 Jun 1994 pgs 61-65.
     
  93. "Network Synchronization: Getting the Best Out of SDH", TIE 29:1 Jan 1995 pgs 43-46, 48.
     
  94. "Emerging Technologies for Fiber Network Survivability", ICM 33:2 Feb 1995 pgs 58-74.
     
  95. "Digital Network Synchronization", ICM 33:4 Apr 1995 pgs 70-80.
     
  96. "Improved Survivability with Multi-Layer Dynamic Routing", ICM 33:7 Jul 1995 pgs 62-68.
     
  97. "Modeling Telecommunications Networks' Transmission Systems", ICM 34:3 Mar 1996 pgs 40-48.
     
  98. "High-Speed ATM/SONET Infrastructure Research in ATDNet", IN 10:4 Jul/Aug 1996 pgs 18-29.
     
  99. "Network Management Research in ATDNet", IN 10:4 Jul/Aug 1996 pgs 30-41.
     
  100. "General Trends in SDH/SONET Markets", ATR 1Q 1997 pgs 7-9.
     
  101. "Evolution of Transport Network Architectures", ATR 1Q 1997 pgs 10-18.
     
  102. "Network Synchronization Aspects", ATR 1Q 1997 pgs 31-37.
     
  103. "ATM on SDH", ATR 1Q 1997 pgs 38-46.
     
  104. "A New Photonic Layer for Broadband Networks", ATR 1Q 1997 pgs 47-54.
     
  105. "Broadband Transport -- The Synchronous Digital Hierarchy", BTTJ 16:1 Jan 1998 pgs 148-158.
     
  106. "The Role of Data Networking in the Management of BT's SDH Network", BTTJ 16:1 Jan 1998 pgs 171-181.
     
  107. "Trends in SONET: Achievements to Date and Next Steps", Bellcore Digest of Technical Information Feb 1998 pgs 4-8.
     
  108. "IP over SONET", ICM 36:5 May 1998 pgs 136-142.
     
  109. "A Comparison of Next-Generation IP-Centric Transport Architectures", BLTJ 3:4 Oct-Dec 1998 pgs 63-85.
     
  110. "The Evolution of Transport Network Survivability", ICM 37:8 Aug 1999 pgs 44-51.
     
  111. "The Evolution of a Reliable Transport Network", ICM 37:8 Aug 1999 pgs 52-57.
     
  112. "Sprint Long Distance Network Survivability: Today and Tomorrow", ICM 37:8 Aug 1999 pgs 58-62.

Web Pages and Websites

  1. Wikipedia article "Synchronous optical networking".
     
  2. Wikipedia article "Packet over SONET/SDH".